来源: RabbitMQ系列(五)–高级特性 – Diamond-Shine – 博客园
在上一篇文章讲解MQ消息可靠性投递和幂等性中有提到confirm机制的重要性,现在更详细的说明一下
一、Confirm机制
Confirm就是消息确认,当Producer发送消息,如果Broker收到消息,会回复一个应答,我们可以以此来确认消息是否成功送达,是保证
消息可靠性投递的核心保障
Producer代码如下,只需要修改Producer端,而Consumer端不需要修改
//4 指定我们的消息投递模式: 消息的确认模式 channel.confirmSelect(); //5 发送一条消息 String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Send confirm message!"; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes()); //6 添加一个确认监听 channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() { @Override public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException { System.err.println("-------no ack!-----------"); } @Override public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException { System.err.println("-------ack!-----------"); } });
结果:
-------ack!-----------
只要Producer能把消息发送给Broker,就会返回handlerAck中,返回到NAck的可能很小,例如MQ出现异常,queue的容量达到上限
二、Return消息机制
Return Listener用于处理一些不可路由的消息
Producer:
public class Producer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setVirtualHost("/"); factory.setHost("139.196.75.238"); factory.setPort(5672); //2 获取Connection Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); //3 通过Connection创建一个新的Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); String exchangeName = "exchange_topic"; String routingKey = "fdasfdsafsadf4543453"; //6 添加一个return监听 channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() { @Override public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { System.err.println("---------handle return----------"); System.err.println("replyCode: " + replyCode); System.err.println("replyText: " + replyText); System.err.println("exchange: " + exchange); System.err.println("routingKey: " + routingKey); System.err.println("properties: " + properties); System.err.println("body: " + new String(body)); } }); //5 发送一条消息 String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Send confirm message!"; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes()); } }
结果:
---------handle return---------- replyCode: 312 replyText: NO_ROUTE exchange: exchange_topic routingKey: fdasfdsafsadf4543453 properties: #contentHeader<basic>(content-type=null, content-encoding=null, headers=null, delivery-mode=null, priority=null, correlation-id=null, reply-to=null, expiration=null, message-id=null, timestamp=null, type=null, user-id=null, app-id=null, cluster-id=null) body: Hello RabbitMQ Send confirm message!
注意:
channel.basicPublish参数里面一定要把Mandatory设置为true,才能收到监听不可达的消息(创建exchange、routingKey不匹配等问题
,导致不可达),然后进行后续处理,如果为false,broker自动删除该消息,上面例子就是routingKey设置不匹配,Consumer的代码就不给了
三、消息端限流
限流一般无法从生产端,只能在消费端处理
在Consumer端设置:
channel.basicQos(0, 1, false); channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
qos:
服务质量保证,在非自动确认情况下,一定数目的消息没有确认,不进行消费新的消息,通过producer/consumer设置qos的值
channel.basicQos(prefetchSize, prefetch_count, global);
注意:
prefetchSize和global,rabbitMQ没有实现,默认0表示对单条message的大小没有限制、false(非channel级别,consumer级别)
channel.basicConsume中自动签收一定要设置成false
prefetch_count表示一次给几条进行消费,直到返回ack,才能继续给prefetch_count条message
在MyConsumer中手动签收
public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer { private Channel channel; public MyConsumer(Channel channel) { super(channel); this.channel = channel; } @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { System.err.println("-----------consume message----------"); System.err.println("body: " + new String(body)); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
四、TTL
五、死信队列
未完待续。。。