来源: [转载]使用Kinect 进行图片浏览 – yangecnu – 博客园
相信大家都有过在多媒体触摸设备如手机,平板电脑上进行照片浏览,放大、缩小、旋转等操作的经历。前面有篇文章也介绍了如何搭建开发这类程序的模拟环境。在了解了Kinect SDK 后我们就可以使用无接触的方式隔空的来进行这类操作了。这是不是有点像Minority Report里面的感觉。
下面我们就来实现一个简单的使用Kinect来进行图片浏览的小程序。
一、总体思路
首先运用WPF编写一个简单的支持多点触控的图片浏览程序,这方面您可以参看MSDN上的这篇文章,上面有代码,可能需要FQ才能下载。中文的话,您可以参考Gnie同学关于在WPF上面多点触屏(MultiTouch)应用程序的相关文章,这些是基础。
然后,将从Kinect骨骼信息中提取到的双手的位置信息,模拟为触摸屏上的点击,这个有点麻烦,也是本文的重点。这方面我参考了candescentnui这一开源项目。
下面就来简单介绍下如何实现。
二、具体步骤
(1)完成多点触摸类逻辑的编写
WPF本身支持触摸屏设备和多点触控,在System.Windows.Input 下有一个TouchDevice 类,它表示 触摸屏上一个手指的产生的单个触摸输入。我们需要继承这个类,并对其定制将Kienct骨骼点数据转换为触摸屏上的单个输入。为此新建一个名为 KinectTouchDevice
的类并继承 TouchDevice类和Idisposable接口。
internal class KinectTouchDevice : TouchDevice, IDisposable { private DateTime? firstTouch; public Point Position { get; private set; } internal TouchState TouchState { get; private set; } public KinectTouchDevice(int id, PresentationSource source): base(id) { this.Position = new Point(); this.TouchState = TouchState.Up; this.SetActiveSource(source); } public void Touch(Point position) { //记录第一次触摸时间 if (!this.firstTouch.HasValue) { this.firstTouch = DateTime.Now; return; }//如果不是第一次点击,但两次间隔小于100毫秒,则认为是一次点击,不做处理 else if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(this.firstTouch.Value).TotalMilliseconds < 100) { return; } this.Position = position; if (!this.IsActive) { this.Activate(); } if (this.TouchState != TouchState.Down) { this.Dispatcher.Invoke(new Func<bool>(this.ReportDown)); this.TouchState = TouchState.Down; } else { this.Dispatcher.Invoke(new Func<bool>(this.ReportMove)); } } public void NoTouch() { this.firstTouch = null; if (TouchState == TouchState.Down) { this.Dispatcher.Invoke(new Func<bool>(this.ReportUp)); } this.TouchState = TouchState.Up; } public override TouchPointCollection GetIntermediateTouchPoints(IInputElement relativeTo) { return new TouchPointCollection(); } public override TouchPoint GetTouchPoint(IInputElement relativeTo) { var point = this.Position; if (relativeTo != null) { //获取当前点击位置 point = this.ActiveSource.RootVisual.TransformToDescendant((Visual)relativeTo).Transform(point); } return new TouchPoint(this, point, new Rect(point, new Size(1, 1)), TouchAction.Move); } public void Dispose() { if (this.IsActive) { this.Deactivate(); } } }
这是一个点,如何模拟一个面板呢,所以需要建立包含这一个点的集合的新类,名为KinectTouchDevice,详细代码如下
public class KinectMultiTouchDevice : IDisposable { //触控数据源 private HandDataSource handDataSource; private PresentationSource presentationSource; //触控点集合,每一个点对应一个id private IDictionary<int, KinectTouchDevice> touchDevices; public Size TargetSize { get; set; } public KinectMultiTouchDevice(HandDataSource handDataSource, PresentationSource presentationSource, Size targetSize) { this.presentationSource = presentationSource; this.TargetSize = targetSize; } public KinectMultiTouchDevice(HandDataSource handDataSource, FrameworkElement area) { this.touchDevices = new Dictionary<int, KinectTouchDevice>(); this.TargetSize = new Size(area.ActualWidth, area.ActualHeight); this.presentationSource = PresentationSource.FromVisual(area); this.handDataSource = handDataSource; //当数据源有新数据时,触发处理事件 this.handDataSource.NewDataAvailable += handDataSource_NewDataAvailable; area.SizeChanged += area_SizeChanged; } private void handDataSource_NewDataAvailable(Object sender, HandCollectionEventArgs data) { if (data.IsEmpty) { ReportNoTouch(this.touchDevices.Values); return; } var touchedDevices = this.ReportTouches(data); this.ReportNoTouch(this.touchDevices.Values.Except(touchedDevices)); } private void area_SizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e) { this.TargetSize = e.NewSize; } private IList<KinectTouchDevice> ReportTouches(HandCollectionEventArgs data) { var touchedDevices = new List<KinectTouchDevice>(); foreach (var hand in data.Hands) { var device = this.GetDevice(hand.Id); var pointOnPresentationArea = this.MapToPresentationArea(hand, new Size(this.handDataSource.Width, this.handDataSource.Height)); device.Touch(pointOnPresentationArea); touchedDevices.Add(device); } return touchedDevices; } private void ReportNoTouch(IEnumerable<KinectTouchDevice> devices) { foreach (var device in devices) { device.NoTouch(); } } private KinectTouchDevice GetDevice(int index) { if (!this.touchDevices.ContainsKey(index)) { this.presentationSource.Dispatcher.Invoke(new Action(() => { if (!this.touchDevices.ContainsKey(index)) this.touchDevices.Add(index, new KinectTouchDevice(index, this.presentationSource)); })); } return this.touchDevices[index]; } private Point MapToPresentationArea(HandData fingerPoint, Size originalSize) { // return new Point(fingerPoint.X / originalSize.Width * this.TargetSize.Width, fingerPoint.Y / originalSize.Height * this.TargetSize.Height); return new Point(fingerPoint.X, fingerPoint.Y); } public void Dispose() { this.handDataSource.NewDataAvailable -= handDataSource_NewDataAvailable; foreach (var device in this.touchDevices.Values) { device.Dispose(); } } }
需要注意的是,上面代码中,touchDevices 是一个IDictionary<int, KinectTouchDevice> 型的对象,表示所有触控点的集合,每一个触控点有一个int型的id。代码中HandDataSource 类型的handDataSource,表示触发触控的数据源,在KinectMultiTouchDevice类的构造函数中,我们注册了 handDataSource的NewDataAvailable事件,该事件会在每当从Kinect中获取每一帧数据,且数据符合特定条件就会触发。 HandDataSource类如下:
public class HandDataSource { public delegate void NewDataHandler<HandCollectionEventArgs>(Object sender,HandCollectionEventArgs data); public event NewDataHandler<HandCollectionEventArgs> NewDataAvailable; public int Width { get; set; } public int Height { get; set; } protected virtual void OnNewDataAvailable(HandCollectionEventArgs e) { NewDataHandler<HandCollectionEventArgs> temp = NewDataAvailable; if (temp != null) { temp(this, e); } } public void RaiseNewDataEvent(List<HandData> handData) { HandCollectionEventArgs e = new HandCollectionEventArgs(handData); OnNewDataAvailable(e); } }
以上部分就是使用模拟多点触控的核心代码了。
(2)界面逻辑的编写
下面我们来看应用程序的前台代码。为了在界面上显示手的位置,这里我们建立一个名为TouchControl的自定义控件,该控件很简单,里面包含一个椭圆形和一个label对象,用以表示当前手在屏幕上的位置,代码如下:
<UserControl x:Class="KinectImageView.MultiTouch.TouchControl" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="40" d:DesignWidth="40"> <Grid Width="40" Height="40"> <Ellipse Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="3"/> <Label Foreground="White" Name="Label" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"/> </Grid> </UserControl>
后台逻辑代码也很简单,只有一个带参的构造函数。
public partial class TouchControl : UserControl { public TouchControl() { InitializeComponent(); } public TouchControl(int id) : this() { this.Label.Content = id; } }
接下来就是主界面了,为了简便,主界面上随意摆放了三张图片,用于我们使用Kinect来进行缩放平移旋转等操作,在页面的最底层添加了一个TouchControl自定义控件,用来显示手所在的位置。整个界面前端代码如下:
<Window x:Class="KinectImageView.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="MainWindow" xmlns:c="clr-namespace:KinectImageView" Closing="Window_Closing" Loaded="Window_Loaded" mc:Ignorable="d" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Height="750" Width="1000" > <Canvas Name="mainCanvas"> <Image Name="image" Panel.ZIndex="642" IsManipulationEnabled="True" Width="200" Source="Images/flower.jpg" > <Image.RenderTransform> <MatrixTransform Matrix="1.5929750047527,0.585411309251951,-0.585411309251951,1.5929750047527,564.691807426081,79.4658072348299"/> </Image.RenderTransform> </Image> <Image Name="image1" Panel.ZIndex="641" IsManipulationEnabled="True" Width="200" Source="Images/flower2.jpg" > <Image.RenderTransform> <MatrixTransform Matrix="1.79780224775912,-1.1136472330559,1.1136472330559,1.79780224775912,45.6962327448951,205.029554723656" /> </Image.RenderTransform> </Image> <Image Name="image2" Panel.ZIndex="644" IsManipulationEnabled="True" Width="200" Source="Images/flower3.jpg" > <Image.RenderTransform> <MatrixTransform Matrix="2.41806325085411,-0.0527474549128994,0.0527474549128994,2.41806325085411,280.737615796121,292.420001677231"/> </Image.RenderTransform> </Image> </Canvas> <Canvas Name="fingerCanvas"></Canvas> </Grid> </Window>
下面来看看后台代码,WPF默认支持开发多点触控的程序,只需要从写下面三个方法即可:
protected override void OnManipulationStarting(ManipulationStartingEventArgs e) { base.OnManipulationStarting(e); e.ManipulationContainer = mainCanvas; e.Handled = true; } protected override void OnManipulationDelta(ManipulationDeltaEventArgs e) { base.OnManipulationDelta(e); var element = e.Source as FrameworkElement; var transformation = element.RenderTransform as MatrixTransform; //获取缩放的中心点 Point center = new Point(element.ActualWidth / 2, element.ActualHeight / 2); var matrix = transformation == null ? Matrix.Identity : transformation.Matrix; center = matrix.Transform(center); //缩放 if (e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.X > 0.5 && e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.Y > 0.5 && e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.X < 2 && e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.Y < 2) matrix.ScaleAt(e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.X, e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.Y, center.X, center.Y); //旋转 matrix.RotateAt(e.DeltaManipulation.Rotation, center.X, center.Y); //移动 if (center.X > 0 && center.Y > 0 && center.X < this.mainCanvas.ActualWidth && center.Y < this.mainCanvas.ActualHeight) matrix.Translate(e.DeltaManipulation.Translation.X, e.DeltaManipulation.Translation.Y); element.RenderTransform = new MatrixTransform(matrix); } protected override void OnManipulationInertiaStarting(ManipulationInertiaStartingEventArgs e) { base.OnManipulationInertiaStarting(e); e.TranslationBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.001; e.RotationBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.01; e.ExpansionBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.01; }
除此之外,为了使用Kinect数据模拟触控,我们还需要重载OnTouchMove,OnTouchDown和OnTouchUp这三个方法,详细代码如下:
protected override void OnTouchMove(TouchEventArgs e) { base.OnTouchMove(e); HandleTouch(e); } protected override void OnTouchDown(TouchEventArgs e) { base.OnTouchDown(e); HandleTouch(e); } protected override void OnTouchUp(TouchEventArgs e) { base.OnTouchUp(e); this.fingerCanvas.Children.Remove(this.touchPoints[e.TouchDevice.Id]); this.touchPoints.Remove(e.TouchDevice.Id); } private void HandleTouch(TouchEventArgs e) { var visual = GetTouchVisual(e.TouchDevice.Id); var point = e.GetTouchPoint(this.fingerCanvas).Position; visual.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, point.X); visual.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, point.Y); } private TouchControl GetTouchVisual(int deviceId) { if (this.touchPoints.ContainsKey(deviceId)) { return this.touchPoints[deviceId]; } var touchControl = new TouchControl(deviceId); this.touchPoints.Add(deviceId, touchControl); this.fingerCanvas.Children.Add(touchControl); return touchControl; }
以上工作做好之后,我们现在需要从Kinect中获取数据,然后发起事件,传递参数,根据数据来模拟屏幕点击。如何建立Kinect连接,以及如何获取数据这里不详细讲解了,你可以参考之前Kinect for Windows SDK入门系 列文章。这里就如何从Kinect获取数据以及如何发起事件来进行详细讨论。从Kinect中获取数据最简单的方法就是注册相应事件,在本例中,我们需要 骨骼数据,所以需要注册KinectSensor对象的SkeletonFrameReady事件。具体的事件中处理代码如下:
private void KinectDevice_SkeletonFrameReady(object sender, SkeletonFrameReadyEventArgs e) { using (SkeletonFrame frame = e.OpenSkeletonFrame()) { if (frame != null) { frame.CopySkeletonDataTo(this.frameSkeletons); Skeleton skeleton = GetPrimarySkeleton(this.frameSkeletons); if (skeleton != null) { Joint head = skeleton.Joints[JointType.Head]; Joint leftHand = skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandLeft]; Joint leftWrist = skeleton.Joints[JointType.WristLeft]; Joint rightHand = skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight]; Joint rightWrist = skeleton.Joints[JointType.WristRight]; Point leftHandPos = GetPosition(leftHand); Point leftWristPos = GetPosition(leftWrist); Point rightHandPos = GetPosition(rightHand); Point rightWristPos = GetPosition(rightWrist); if (rightHandPos.Y < rightWristPos.Y && leftHandPos.Y < leftWristPos.Y) { leftHandTarget = GetHitTarget(skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandLeft], mainCanvas); rightHandTarget = GetHitTarget(skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight], mainCanvas); if (rightHandTarget != null) { dics.Clear(); foreach (Image element in mainCanvas.Children) { dics.Add(element, Canvas.GetZIndex(element)); } ResetZIndex(dics, rightHandTarget); } if (leftHandTarget != null && rightHandTarget != null) { Image leftHandHitImage = leftHandTarget as System.Windows.Controls.Image; Image rightHnadHitImage = rightHandTarget as System.Windows.Controls.Image; if (leftHandHitImage != null && rightHnadHitImage != null) { String leftHandName = leftHandHitImage.Name; String rightHandName = leftHandHitImage.Name; if (rightHandName.Equals(leftHandName)) { List<HandData> list = new List<HandData>() { new HandData{ Id=1,X=leftHandPos.X,Y=leftHandPos.Y}, new HandData{ Id=2,X=rightHandPos.X,Y=rightHandPos.Y} }; handDataSource.RaiseNewDataEvent(list); } } } else { handDataSource.RaiseNewDataEvent(new List<HandData>()); } } else { handDataSource.RaiseNewDataEvent(new List<HandData>()); } } } } }
在该方法中,我们从骨骼数据中获取左右手的具体位置,然后当左右手的手部(hand)高于肘部(wrist)时,则认为用户是要进行操作;然后根据左右手 所在的位置,获取当前左右手所在的对象,将该对象置于最前,以便于我们进行操作。然后判断左右手是否位于同一个对象之上,如果是,则将左右手的坐标点存储 到list中,触发事件handDataSource.RaiseNewDataEvent(list),提醒有新的触摸点产生。这里 handDataSource对象是在Window_Loaded方法中初始化的。
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { handDataSource = new HandDataSource(); handDataSource.Width = kinectDevice.DepthStream.FrameWidth; handDataSource.Height = kinectDevice.DepthStream.FrameHeight; this.device = new KinectMultiTouchDevice(handDataSource, this); this.touchPoints = new Dictionary<int, TouchControl>(); }
从上面的方法中可以看到,我们初始化KinectMultiTouchDevice类型的device对象的时候传入了handDataSource,所 以在上面我们触发handDataSource的RaiseNewDataEvent事件时,device的构造函数中注册了该事件,所以会模拟触控点 击。
运行程序后,效果如下:
三 结语
以上是一个简单的利用Kinect来进行图片浏览的例子,这里面重点在于如何使用Kinect数据来模拟触控,以及WPF中的多点触控编程。当然,上面的例子中还有很多值得改进的地方,如对原始获取的骨骼数据可以进行一些过滤,平滑,插值处理 ;对于图片的缩放范围可以进行进一步的控制,以防止图片过大或过小,导致后面手部不能够位于图片上;图片和图片之间切换不够流畅。以上存在的问题,如果您感兴趣的话,可以试着进行一些改进。
本文源代码点击此处下载,希望本文对您了解Kinect开发有所帮助。
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