Mikel
[转载]Android单元测试Junit （一） – 米蓝 – 博客园.
1、在eclips中建立一个Android工程，具体信息如下：
2、配置单元测试环境，打开AndroidManifest.xml，具体代码如下所示：
<span class="com"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?--></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com"><!--使用单元测试库--></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com"><!-- 声明Android框架和目标测试包--></span><span class="pln"></span> |
说明：
1、<uses-library Android:name=”android.test.runner”/> 这句，放在application内部。
2、android:targetPackage 这个属性，一般为应用程序的包名，必须和xml中manifest节点的package同名。
3、创建一个包com.milan.service，这个包下面再创建一个类 Person,用于测试的时候调用。
<span class="kwd">package</span><span class="pln"> com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">milan</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">service</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> getAge</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pln"> age</span><span class="pun">){</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Integer</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">age</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span> |
4、在com.milan.junit包下面，建一个PersonTest类，代码如下：
<span class="kwd">package</span><span class="pln"> com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">milan</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">junit</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">milan</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">service</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> android</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">test</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">AndroidTestCase</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">PersonTest</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AndroidTestCase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com">///用例1，传入非数字</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> test01</span><span class="pun">(){</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pln"> person </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">person</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAge</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"milan"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com">//用例2，传入数字</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> test02</span><span class="pun">(){</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pln"> person </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln">person</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAge</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"1"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span> |
5、选中PersonTest.java,右键选择Run As 选择Android Junit Test 运行单元测试，如图：
从上图可以看到，test01的测试结果为失败。失败原因为：java.lang.NumberFormatException: Invalid int: “milan”，
test02的测试结果为通过。
如果没有Junit运行结果，可以在eclips的Window菜单下，选择Show View–Other–Java–Junit 中打开。
6、运行单个测试用例
eclips的Window菜单下，选择Show View–Other–General–Outline打开大纲视图，右键测试用例，即可运行单个测试用例。如图：
同理，如果需要执行整个项目的测试用例，可选中整个项目，用Android Junit Test运行即可。
7、断言
当我们获得程序的运行结果，我们希望Junit能够自动判断 将实际结果和期望结果是否一致。这个时候我们就可以用到Junit自带的断言。
修改PersonTest类，为以下代码：
<span class="kwd">package</span><span class="pln"> com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">milan</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">junit</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">milan</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">service</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">import</span><span class="pln"> android</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">test</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">AndroidTestCase</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">PersonTest</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">extends</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">AndroidTestCase</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com">///用例1，传入非数字</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> test01</span><span class="pun">(){</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pln"> person </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> person</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAge</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"milan"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">assertEquals</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com">//用例2，传入数字,断言有message</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> test02</span><span class="pun">(){</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pln"> person </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> person</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAge</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"1"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">assertEquals</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"传入数字"</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">i</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="com">//用例2，传入数字，断言无message</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> test03</span><span class="pun">(){</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pln"> person </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Person</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> person</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">getAge</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"1"</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln">assertEquals</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">i</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span> |
然后运行结果为：
如果传入了message，一旦用例不通过，会在右边的错误详细里，列出message。
8、其他断言
JUnit提供丰富的断言，来满足我们不同的比对需求。按住Ctrl键，点击代码中的assertEquals，可以看到Assert类里面多支持的断言函数的参数类型：
大家有空可以多试试。这里就不一一讲解了。
其他信息
如出现Test run failed:Unable to find instrumentation target package错误
是因为 android:targetPackage=“com.milan.junit” 必须和
<manifest xmlns:android=“http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
package=“com.milan.junit”
package相同的包名
