Mikel
[转载].NET中序列化和持久化（二） – 人道编程 – 博客园.
导航：
—————————————————————————————————————————-
上节说到序列化和反序列化类中的值成员，我们也知道，类中的成员不当当只是值成员还有引用类型，现在我们就介如何序列化引用类型、不可序列、序列化成SOAP格式的文件
序列化引用类型
序列化类默认的情况下是要求他的所有的成员都是要可序列化的（除事件、委托、显式定义不可序列化）
现在我对之前的例子进行改造，例子如下：
<span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">Serializable</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyClass</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Age</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyWork</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">Serializable</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Address</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span> |
其实很简单的，就是把MyClass类中有的类成员都加上为[Serializable]属性即可，.NET会去MyClass中遍历所有的成员， 智能的跳过类的循环引用。如果MyClass中的Work类型不加[Serializable]属性，那就是说Work不可序列化，那.NET就会报出错 误。
不可序列化成员
如果你在MyClass中有个SQLConnection类型成 员，大家都知道SQLConnection中管理的是数据库的连接，不好被序列化，所以我们在设计的时候不能把SQLConnection序列化了，我们 要在SqlConnection的成员中把它加上 [NonSerialized]属性告诉.NET这个类不要被序列化，当反序列化的时候SqlConnection就为null，例子如下：
<span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">Serializable</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyClass</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Age</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">NonSerialized</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"> myWork</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyWork</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> myWork</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">myWork </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> value</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Address</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"></span><span class="pun">}</span> |
这样Work对像就不会被序列化到文件流中，当被反序列化时就MyWork属性就为null了。
序列化SOAP文件
要序列化成SOAP就要先用引用System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap命名空间中的SoapFormatter类了。SoapFormatter是一个Soap的格式器
例子如下：
<span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">Serializable</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyClass</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Age</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyWork</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">[</span><span class="typ">Serializable</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Address</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">class</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Program</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">static</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">void</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Main</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">string</span><span class="pun">[]</span><span class="pln"> args</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyClass</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">my</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MyClass</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">my</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"凤姐"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">my</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Age</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">int</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">MaxValue</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pln"> work </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Work</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln"> work</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Address</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"你家隔壁"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> work</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Name</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str">"不知道"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">my</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">MyWork</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> work</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">//这里new 的是Soap格式的了</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">System</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Runtime</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Serialization</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">IFormatter</span><span class="pln"> formatter </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">SoapFormatter</span><span class="pun">();</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">//创建一个文件流</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">Stream</span><span class="pln"> stream </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">FileStream</span><span class="pun">(@</span><span class="str">"c:\MyClass.xml"</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">FileMode</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Create</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">FileAccess</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Write</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">using</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">stream</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="com">//这里就是进行序列化了</span><span class="pln"> formatter</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Serialize</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">stream</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">my</span><span class="pun">);</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">}</span> |
这样子就把”凤姐”这个对像序列成SOAP格式，生成到你的C盘里了（你可以郁闷下哇哈哈哈），文件内容如下
<span class="tag"><SOAP-ENV:Envelope</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:xsi</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:xsd</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:SOAP-ENC</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:SOAP-ENV</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:clr</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://schemas.microsoft.com/soap/encoding/clr/1.0"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="tag"><SOAP-ENV:Body></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="tag"><a1:MyClass</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">id</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"ref-1"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:a1</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/ConsoleApplication1/ConsoleApplication1%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln"><_x003C_Name_x003E_k__BackingField id="ref-3">凤姐</_x003C_Name_x003E_k__BackingField><_x003C_Age_x003E_k__BackingField>2147483647</_x003C_Age_x003E_k__BackingField><_x003C_MyWork_x003E_k__BackingField href="#ref-4"/></span><span class="tag"></a1:MyClass></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="tag"><a1:Work</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">id</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"ref-4"</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="atn">xmlns:a1</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"http://schemas.microsoft.com/clr/nsassem/ConsoleApplication1/ConsoleApplication1%2C%20Version%3D1.0.0.0%2C%20Culture%3Dneutral%2C%20PublicKeyToken%3Dnull"</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln"><_x003C_Name_x003E_k__BackingField id="ref-5">不知道</_x003C_Name_x003E_k__BackingField><_x003C_Address_x003E_k__BackingField id="ref-6">你家隔壁</_x003C_Address_x003E_k__BackingField></span><span class="tag"></a1:Work></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="tag"></SOAP-ENV:Body></span><span class="pln"></span><span class="tag"></SOAP-ENV:Envelope></span><span class="pln"></span> |
SOAP格式的序列化文件就有一定的可读性了，这样就可以更好的跨平台的反序列化对像了。不过从速度上来说，当然还是二进制文件更快，可是二进制文件不好进行跨平台的反序列化，各有各的优点吧。
这节说完了，下节我们我该讲该如何用泛型格式器序列化对像。
